Mahsa Torabi; Hajar Sotudeh
Abstract
Introduction: During health crises, such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the spread of fake news and rumors makes it difficult to distinguish real news. Besides, despite dangers, some endanger public safety by avoiding vaccination. It is not clear to what extent the individuals understand ...
Read More
Introduction: During health crises, such as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the spread of fake news and rumors makes it difficult to distinguish real news. Besides, despite dangers, some endanger public safety by avoiding vaccination. It is not clear to what extent the individuals understand the dangers, and are influenced by the fake news. To elucidate the causes of this risky behavior, this study examined the role of fake news detection and risk perception in vaccine acceptance among students of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Methods: Research method was survey, and research tool was a combined electronic questionnaire, including vaccine acceptance questionnaire of Montagni et al., fake news detection, developed by the researcher, and the risk perception questionnaire of Champion. The sampling method was voluntary. 382 students from Shiraz University (academic year of 2021-2022) answered the questionnaire. Data were analyzed through chi-square and binary logistic regression tests.Results: 72.0% of students were vaccine acceptant, and 62.8% had a moderate risk perception regarding the disease. Although the students' demographic characteristics and risk perception showed no significant correlation with the vaccine acceptance, their ability to detect fake news had a significant positive correlation. In effect, the participants with higher fake news detection scores were 0.8 times less likely to be classed in the vaccine hesitant group, compared to the vaccine acceptance ones.Conclusion: Acceptance of fake news about COVID-19 vaccine may reduce the vaccine acceptance. This finding highlights the key role of fake news detection literacy in controlling the behavior of individuals, and thus the safety of society.
Adeleh Asadi; Hajar Sotudeh; Javad Abbaspour; Mostafa Fakhr-Ahmad
Abstract
Introduction: Meta-textuality can provide effective medium for facilitating information retrieval and machine learning. This study explored the strengths of two types of meta-texts (i.e., reviewers' comments and citation contexts) in correct classification and recognition of their related texts and main ...
Read More
Introduction: Meta-textuality can provide effective medium for facilitating information retrieval and machine learning. This study explored the strengths of two types of meta-texts (i.e., reviewers' comments and citation contexts) in correct classification and recognition of their related texts and main sections at abstract level.Methods: In this descriptive study with quantitative content analysis method, 846 randomized controlled trials were assessed; and their reviewers' comments and citation contexts were extracted from Cochrane reviews and Colil databases. Thirty seed documents were randomly selected as queries, and their abstract similarities to the test collection and the main sections (IMRaD: introduction, method, results, discussion) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the performance of Cochrane reviewers' comments and citation contexts individually and in combination.Results: The citation contexts’ area under the curve (0.807) was higher than the Cochrane comments' (0.638), and reached its highest for their combination (0.936). The former had the highest performance in correct classification of the introduction section (0.661), and the latter in correct recognition of the methodology section (0.606).Conclusion: Cochrane reviewers’ comments and the citation contexts had the potential of correct classification of the related texts. The former did well in identifying the methodology section, while the latter in identifying the introduction section. Combining the two systems can boost their power in identifying the discussion section. The results can have implications for natural language processing, machine learning systems, text categorization, retrieval, and summarization.
Khadijeh Jokar; Maryam Yaghtin; Hajar Sotudeh; Mahdieh Mirzabeigi
Abstract
Introduction: Scientific communities have always been concerned about validity of open-access articles. Given the challenges of quantitative citation analysis in evaluating scientific articles, content-based citation analysis, including opinion mining of citances, can bring about more transparent results ...
Read More
Introduction: Scientific communities have always been concerned about validity of open-access articles. Given the challenges of quantitative citation analysis in evaluating scientific articles, content-based citation analysis, including opinion mining of citances, can bring about more transparent results about their validity. In view of this, the present study compared the opinions contained in citances about open-access and non-open-access articles.Methods: We used a quantitative content analysis method with citation and opinion analysis approaches. The citances, bibliographic, and bibliometric data were extracted from Colil and PubMed databases. Opinion scores were assigned to the citances through SentiWords. After processing the titles, abstracts, and citances, Cosine similarity of Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) values were calculated. The open-access and non-open-access articles were then paired by their similarities in abstracts, titles, and citances. The data were analyzed using Friedman test and Spearman correlation.Results: There was no significant difference between the open-access and non-open-access articles in terms of their opinion scores, despite a significant difference in citation advantages. The pairs’ citance and textual similarities had no significant correlation with their opinion distance.Conclusion: Although the open-access studies had citation advantage over their similar non-open-access peers, they showed no significant opinion distance. Besides, similar texts did not necessarily follow the same opinion patterns. Consequently, to complete the results of quantitative citation analysis, the content-based citation analysis is emphasized.
Hajar Sotudeh; Masumeh Ravaie; Mahdieh MirzaBeigi; Zahra Mazarei
Volume 14, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 124-129
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the advantages of altmetrics in research evaluation, it encounters many challenges as a nascent field impacted by web dynamism. The present study attempted to identify the challenges of employing altmetrics’ in evaluating research and to highlight some of the features that required ...
Read More
Introduction: Despite the advantages of altmetrics in research evaluation, it encounters many challenges as a nascent field impacted by web dynamism. The present study attempted to identify the challenges of employing altmetrics’ in evaluating research and to highlight some of the features that required evaluation and validation.Methods: The present communication was a basic descriptive research, applying a qualitative thematic analysis method. It studies the research and theoretical works on citation and altmetric indicators in order to extract the indicators’ weaknesses and challenges.Results: The findings led to the identification of many challenges including possibility of indicator manipulation and false improvement, inability to differentiate between positive or negative credits, unbalanced coverage of materials, incompatibility, ambiguities and diversity in the sources of social web, biases, fluctuations, variable nature of social web, equating all citations, lack of standardization, inability to determine the usage type and contexts, and finally inability to measure the quality.Conclusion: Although the altmetrics have many unique strengths that can boost citation analysis, it has several fundamental weaknesses regarding its concepts, services and resources that requires its cautious and conscious use, otherwise its premature and hasty usage would distort research evaluation results.
Hajar Sotudeh; Mohammad Hassan Omidi
Volume 12, Issue 6 , December 2016, , Pages 755-761
Abstract
Introduction: Iranian academia has recently experienced an increase in the number of its funded papers, and their citationadvantage over unfunded papers has been approved. However, this improvement and advantage is only meaningful whencompared to other countries. Thus, in order to determine Iran’s ...
Read More
Introduction: Iranian academia has recently experienced an increase in the number of its funded papers, and their citationadvantage over unfunded papers has been approved. However, this improvement and advantage is only meaningful whencompared to other countries. Thus, in order to determine Iran’s status among its counterparts, the present study investigated andcompared the status of research funds absorption in Iran with that of the three most prolific Islamic Middle Eastern countries,Turkey, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.Methods: This fundamental research was conducted through a citation and publication analysis approach. The statistical populationconsisted of all valid papers from prolific Islamic countries. The study sample was selected through purposive sampling and 174965academic papers indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded during 2008-2011. Data were collected on 25 of October 2012 andanalyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (chi-square, independent t, ANOVA,Welch’s t-test, Brown–Forsythe test, and Games- Howell test) in SPSS and using Excel software.Results: The countries’ funded researches were significantly less, though superior in citation performance compared to unfunded papers.Saudi Arabia outperformed the other nations in terms of the portion of its funded papers. In the unfunded papers group, no statisticaldifference was observed among the nations in mean citations, except Iran which outperformed Turkey. In the funded papers group, all thenations had similar citation levels. However, the mean citation of Iran was significantly lower than the other countries.Conclusion: Funded researches seem to fail to achieve a considerably high visibility and, thereby, a competitive advantage for theIranian academic production. The findings illustrate the necessity of elimination of deficiencies in Iran’s academic system,especially research fund allocation and distribution mechanisms.
Hajar Sotudeh; Kianoosh Rashidi
Volume 10, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 154-168
Abstract
Modern information and communication technologies have brought about rapidity and ease leading tomore comfort and welfare in our life. However, the users' health and safety would be seriously in dangerin the case of misuse. The present paperattemptedto review the literature on the undesirable effects ...
Read More
Modern information and communication technologies have brought about rapidity and ease leading tomore comfort and welfare in our life. However, the users' health and safety would be seriously in dangerin the case of misuse. The present paperattemptedto review the literature on the undesirable effects ofinformation technologies on the health and safety of humans and their environment and therebyemphasized the necessity of training users. The results revealed that unmanaged use of information andcommunication technologies may result in widespread detrimental effects including physical disorders,diseases and anomalies. In addition, the environment safety is threatened by a variety of e-wastes andpollutants. Among several solutions put forward to fight the threats, training users and developing nationalmanagement strategies are the most basic ones. Information and communication technologies extensionand education programs should train users about how to reasonably use the technologies, how to avoid theprobable risks, andin particular, encourage them to choose greentechnologies.
Hajar Sotudeh; Kianoosh Rashidi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , July 2013
Abstract
The relationship between the cyberspace and human brain gives the technology a unique and sometimes irresistible attraction. The aspect, along with the numerous advantages of modern information technologies (IT), makes users have a wide approach toward ICT throughout the world. The present study attempted ...
Read More
The relationship between the cyberspace and human brain gives the technology a unique and sometimes irresistible attraction. The aspect, along with the numerous advantages of modern information technologies (IT), makes users have a wide approach toward ICT throughout the world. The present study attempted to review the literature on undesirable psychological (97 items), ethical and social effects of the internet and computer games in order to highlight the serious need for training users, taking preventive measures and also making educational and legal policies. In spite of all their constructive impacts on psychological health, social relations, cognitive skills and learning, technologies have such wide detriments that could override their advantages. Among the consequences of uninformed usage of the technologies, one may notice addiction and pathological dependency, sexual abuse, disruption of family and social relations, non-responsibility, violence and aggression, depression, isolation and introversion, low self-esteem, school and job failure, anxiety, and finally mental and emotional disorders. The wide range of undesirable consequences, as well as an increasing body of researches on the matter, implies the seriousness of the dangers all over the world and the requirement of an increasing awareness, sensibility and attention. Given the high context-dependency of technologies, it is necessary to conduct a wide range of studies in order to get to suitable and effective and well-proportioned solutions to specific social, cultural, and religious conditions. Keywords: Information Technology; Computers; Internet; Mental Health
Hajar Sotudeh; Marzieh, Morovati
Volume 9, Issue 6 , March 2012, , Pages 833-847
Abstract
Introduction: The issues of patient rights have recently been entered into medical and legal realms andhave attracted the attention of scholars. This field, which is in early stages of development, requiresstudying the patterns and characteristics of its scientific production and its compatibility with ...
Read More
Introduction: The issues of patient rights have recently been entered into medical and legal realms andhave attracted the attention of scholars. This field, which is in early stages of development, requiresstudying the patterns and characteristics of its scientific production and its compatibility with the globalnorms of the worlds’ sciences. The present study aimed to investigate the scientific productivity and itsimpact patterns on patient rights during 1990-2010. Hence, it endeavors to discover their growth trend,local and global impact, the most productive contributing countries, authors and journals, document types,dominant languages, highly cited authors, and finally Iran's share. It may help to reflect the progress ofknowledge and its patterns and also highlight the weaknesses and strengths, and thereby be useful inmanaging and planning research and development in this field.Methods: The present study applied a survey method with a scientometrics approach. All the scientificproductions indexed by the Thomson Reuters database during 1990-2010 constituted the study materials.A total number of 1236 records were extracted. The data were analyzed through Excel and ThomsonReuters HistCite software, using descriptive and analytical statistics including frequency, percentage,Spearman correlation, and linear, power and exponential regressions analysis.Results: The maximum scientific output production in this field has been published during 2006-2010. Theyshowed an increasing trend on an exponential basis, illustrating the sustainability of scientific production inthis field. However, the citation number did not show a significant growth. This could be resulted from thesmall size of this field and its related domains. The total global impact was lower than the total local impactimplying that the papers were rather an inspiration source for other related fields than an intra-field source.Authorship pattern adhered to Lotka's law in that the number of authors decreased as their publicationsincrease on a power basis. However, the exponent equation is higher than two. The global distribution of thepapers and their language variations signified the world's concerns for patient rights.Conclusion: The patient rights exhibits many similarities to scientific fields and its publication foundationis being established and stabilized: the exponential growth of the papers, their language and documentvariation, global distribution, and specially its research nature indicated the development of this field as aresearch realm.
Hajar Sotudeh; Nafiseh Changiz; Sedigheh Hashem Nia
Volume 7, Issue 1 , March 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Providing free access to the latest research and more publishing channels, Open Access (OA) is hoped to decrease the South countries' information poverty and professional isolation. Due to its particular importance, it is necessary to investigate how they exploit Open Access resources. ...
Read More
Introduction: Providing free access to the latest research and more publishing channels, Open Access (OA) is hoped to decrease the South countries' information poverty and professional isolation. Due to its particular importance, it is necessary to investigate how they exploit Open Access resources. Methods: Applying a citation analysis method, the present study explores Iranian scientists approach to publishing in and to citing Open Access journals. Using Science Citation Index, we extracted data related to Iranian scientific outputs. Using the list of prestigious Open Access journals previously identified, we then labeled Iranian Open Access papers and Open Access references. Applying regression analysis, we try to investigate the mathematical models that best fit the data to predict the growth rate of Iranian Open Access papers and references. Results: Iranian scientists in Material Engineering and Multidisciplinary Sciences are most inclined to Open Access journals, while those in Medicine and Health Sciences and Physical Sciences are the least. The results reveal that Iranians' approach to Open Access journals has been growing based on an exponential model. Open Access papers, plotted versus total Iranian papers, grow at a linear rate. However, Open Access references plotted versus total papers yield a power model. The same is true for papers citing Open Access Journals.Conclusion: Iranian scholars widely benefit from Open Access journals. However, disciplines differ in their patterns, as proved at international level, too. Generally, the number of Iranian Open Access papers are growing based on a constant rate, compared to that of their total papers; while the number of Open Access references is growing at a relatively more rapid rate. The difference may be due to differences in publication strategies. While scientists experience journal limitations in getting their papers accepted, they have few limitations, if any, in referencing to an accessible paper. Keywords: Periodicals; Citation; Cross Reference; Publications.
